Useful Commands for CMD and Power-Shell

These commands you can type in either CMD (Command Prompt) or you can use Power-Shell (This is a more advanced command prompt with more features.)

ipconfig - Shows all your network adapter's IP address IPv4 or IPv6 or both and your sub-net mask, it also shows your default gateway this can be the IP address of your router.

ipconfig /all - Similar like ipconfig but with more information like: DNS Servers, Host Names, Physical Address(MAC), and Tunneling Adapters.

ipconfig /release and ipconfig /renew - Most of us Gamers may know about this already or anyone that been having annoying internet issues. This command releases your configuration with your network device(Hub, Switch, Router) its like a reset button and forgetting information like Default Gateway, IP Address, DNS; now the second command allows you to renew a new set of information from your network device.

ipconfig/flushdns - This flushes any DNS that is cached on your system.

ipconfig/displaydns - This gives a whole list of DNS servers that is cached(saved) on your system.

netstat - This gives you a list of all connections you are connected right now. (Active Connections)

netstat -a - Similar like netstat but it lists you all the connections and the open ports you are listening, the picture below gives you an idea.

TASKKILL - Kill certain task or process, type in TASKLIST to give you a list of running processes and services.

Edward Snowden talks about the NSA surveillance via Remote Robot

Edward Snowden remote controlling a robot from a unknown location (Maybe Russia) to Canada to the TED Audience.

Troubleshooting Steps in CompTIA A+

1. Identify the Problem
2. Establish the common cause
3. Test the theory (Regarding to step 2)
4. Create a plan of action (Also carry out the fix)
5. Verify the problem is fixed
6. Document the problem and Solution

For a Successful career; Think Beyond The Fix - Future Proofing from future problems.

Microsoft Remain the World No.1 Software Maker From Mashable!

Untwisted Pair Cable Types

UTP	Speed	Latency
CAT 3	10 Mb/s	16 Mhz
CAT 4	16 Mb/s	16 Mhz
CAT 5	100 Mb/s	100 Mhz
CAT 5e	1000 Mb/s	100 Mhz
CAT 6	1000 Mb/s	250 Mhz
CAT 6a	1000 Mb/s	500 Mhz
CAT7 ScTP	10 Gb/s	600 Mhz

CPU Cache

Cache is small temporary memory used by the processor to access and store data fast. There are 4 types of Caches found on CPUs.

L1 Cache - Data incoming to CPU

L2 Cache - Data outcoming from CPU

L3 Cache - Similar to L1, higher capacity

L4 Cache - Used by integrated graphics